Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the CELL suspension CULTURE of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful CELL suspension CULTURE was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica CELL wall extract as an elicitor on silymarin production in CELL suspension CULTURE at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of CELLs increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal extract. Based on the results, the CELL wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the CELL suspension CULTURE of S. marianum.

To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant TISSUE CULTURE condition, the effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on the regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The highest shoot number (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing the hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of the inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant TISSUE CULTURE. Calcium ion signaling is one of the primary events and, of course, the most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, Therefore, the effect of verapamil as a calcium channel blocker was investigated on the plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized TISSUE CULTURE condition. The effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-CULTURE medium. Results showed that the use of verapamil in comparison with the control sample reduced the plant defense response. Also, the use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased the amount of regeneration

Background: Primary infection of cytomegalovirus especially in first and second trimester of pregnancy causes severe TISSUE injury and congenital abnormalities. Infection in third trimester of pregnancy has a higher chance of transmission but less TISSUE injury. Elisa method is a simple test for diagnosis of serum antibody but blood lymphocytes CULTURE is a better and more specific diagnostic method than Elisa. In this study we compared Elisa and TISSUE CULTURE methods for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infections.Materials and methods: In this study 5 ml of blood obtained from mothers who aborted their fetuses. Then serum antibody was titrated by ELISA method. Moreover, 5ml of citrated blood with 2 ml of Ficohl hypaque centrifuged in 3000 g and buffy coat layer of leukocytes was separated. These CELLs CULTUREd in MRC5 fibroblast CELL line and were assessed for intraCELLular inclusion bodies after 72 hours. Positive samples were selected and tested for nucleic acids of cytomegalovirus with PCR method.Results: In this study, 118 cases of abortion were included. In TISSUE CULTURE method, 6 samples (7.2%) had intraCELLular inclusion body. Of these samples only 4 had cytomegalovirus nucleic acid by PCR method. Two cases showed increasing anti-cytomegalovirus IgM with ELISA but they were negative by TISSUE CULTURE method. In general, 6 cases (7.2%) of cytomegalovirus infection were diagnosed.Conclusion: ELISA and TISSUE CULTURE methods should be performed together. Cytomegalovirus infection has not likely any relation with habitual abortion and is seen in first time abortions preferably.

Background: Primary infection of herpes simplex virus’ especially in first and second trimester of pregnancy causes severe TISSUE injury and congenital abnormalities. Infection in third trimester of pregnancy has a higher chance of transmission but less TISSUE injury. Elisa method is simple test for detection of serum antibody. In this research, Elisa method used for detection of anti Herpes simplex antibody in maternal blood was investigated. In this study, 5 ml of blood obtained from mothers that aborted her fetus then serum antibody titrated with Elisa method. In this study, 118 cases of abortion included, 34 cases (29%) had recurrent spontaneous abortion but in 84 cases (71%) abortion was occurred for the first time. Five cases in Elisa test, showed IgM anti herpes simplex virus antibody. Results of this study showed that active infection of herpes simplex virus may relate to abortion.

Background: Epithelial is an important TISSUE in our body. The human epithelium forms a barrier between the external and internal environment.Materials and methods: This study was a Lab-Experimental. We were used 4 male albino rabbits in this study. At first, 6x6 cm2 full thickness skin separated of rabbit and CULTUREd in DMEM and FCS 10%.Then 2x1 cm2 skin separated of other rabbit and cut into small pieces and transplanted on the first skin's derm. After 2 weeks, small pieces covered the entire feeder layer and then new skin grafted on the donor rabbits and supported for 2 weeks. Then after, histological studies were done.Results: Histological studies were shown epidermal layer were normal but the number of layers were lower than normal skin. Other findings were thin cornified layer, low skin appendages, absent of sweat gland, regular of collagen fiber in dermal layer and small rete ridge.Conclusions: With this method of CELL CULTURE, skin can expand 18 times and a normal skin was obtained.

Resistance is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic society and the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means standing and resisting against something has upset the balance in internal and external dimensions. The formation of this value in the society as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the CULTURE of resistance (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering process of this value in a society based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what process does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the CULTURE of resistance in the society? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value and the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam and the need for convergence and coordination between the resistance front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering process and its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering process of resistance CULTURE is based on a self-awareness and purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage process that leads to the happiness of man and human society (Conclusion).

Control of interaction between nanostructures and living CELLs is important for TISSUE engineering. The topography and hydrophilicity of nanotextured surfaces can provide information on the in vitro interactions between CELLs and the surrounding environment, which is of great importance in bio-applications. This study proposes a Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) to texture the quartz surfaces with 5 and 10 nm surface roughness. The interaction of human CELL LINES (human breast cancer CELLs, MCF-7, and Human Dermal Micro-Vascular Endothelial CELLs (HDMVEC)) with the nanostructured surfaces exhibited different levels of morphogenesis when the CELLs adhered to the bare and nanotextured quartz surfaces. The chemical compositions of the surfaces were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the results showed that CELLs preferred to grow on hydrophilic surfaces with hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the CELLular processes, such as adhesion and spreading, were affected by the combination of physical and chemical properties of the surface, namely, surface topology and hydrophilicity. The  findings demonstrated the potential applications of quartz nanostructure surfaces with high microscopic image quality in TISSUE engineering for controlling CELL growth via appropriate surface modifications.